PROTOCOLS

Communication between two people or two devices needs to follow some rules.it defines how to start communication, continue the communication & end the communication.

 What is protocol:-

·  A protocol is a set of rules that regulate communication.

· Communication between two people or two devices needs to follow some rules.it defines how to start communication, continue the communication & end the communication.

· As in the telephonic communication these rules define that how one can respond the call, continue the call in a fair manner (using proper greeting language), & how to hanging up the call.

·Similarly, in a network for sending & receiving the  information between two different system needs some protocols.

NOTE:-  in OSI layer each layer has a protocol. But physical layer (first layer)has no protocol because in it data is  the binary form.

What are the cables & its types

What are the cables & its types

 Cables are used in networking:

  vWhat is the cable:- It is networking hardware used to connect     one network device to other network device.It is connect two or    more than two computer to share printer, scanner, speaker, etc. 

   ·  It is used for high speed data

   ·   It has a two types :-

-TIA/EIA 568 A

-TIA/EIA 568B

568A used for home network & 568B used for enterprise network.

Only the differences between in two cables are the color order pairs.

568A	568B
Green (white)	Orange (white)
Green	orange
Orange (white)	Green (white)
Blue	blue
Blue (white )	Blue( white)
Orange	green
Brown (white)	Brown( white)
Brown	brown

TYPES OF MEDIA

                        types of MeDIA  :-

types of MeDIA  :-

What is media:-

·       A network needs physical medium to connect its nodes together.it decides that is where the data actually flows.

·       There are three types of MEDIA:-

-Coaxial Media

-Twisted Pair Media

-Fiber Optic Media

     1.    Coaxial Media:- 

·       It contain a solid or stranded wire in the core that is insulated with a dielectric layer, then protected with a solid or braided metallic shield, & covered with an outer insulator.

·      Electromagnetic wave propagation in a coaxial cable is confined within the space between the core & the outer conductors.

·     It is used to small connectivity because it is less susceptible to interference noise.

Insulator

Metallic shield

Insulator

Wire

Networking Devices

Networking Devices.

                        Networking Devices:-

1.  Router:-

·      It is a device of layer 3(net     work layer)inOSI model.

·    It is a device which makes communication possible between two or more different network present in different geographical location.

·      It maintains the routing table.

· It is a specialized computer connected to more than one network.so it is also called a internetworking devices.

NOTE:-
ü internetworking device mean network of network.In simply a device connects a two or more than two networks are called a internetworking device