TYPES OF MEDIA

                        types of MeDIA  :-

types of MeDIA  :-

What is media:-

·       A network needs physical medium to connect its nodes together.it decides that is where the data actually flows.

·       There are three types of MEDIA:-

-Coaxial Media

-Twisted Pair Media

-Fiber Optic Media

     1.    Coaxial Media:- 

·       It contain a solid or stranded wire in the core that is insulated with a dielectric layer, then protected with a solid or braided metallic shield, & covered with an outer insulator.

·      Electromagnetic wave propagation in a coaxial cable is confined within the space between the core & the outer conductors.

·     It is used to small connectivity because it is less susceptible to interference noise.

Insulator

Metallic shield

Insulator

Wire

     2.    Twisted Pair Media:-

·       It is two insulated Copper Wires that are twisted around each other to minimize interference & noise from other wires.

·       It based on the presence of individual shield & overall shield.

-         Individual shield encloses a single twisted pair in a cable.

-        Outer shield encloses all twisted pair in a cable.

-    What is shield:- A shield is a protective sheath that is made from conductive material & functions to protect the twisted pair from external interference.

-       What is insulator:- An insulator is made from non-conductive material, like as plastic.

·       Twisted pair has two types.

-UTP

-STP

A) UTP:-

·       It stands for unshielded twisted pair.

·  It is a cable containing several twisted pairs that is only insulated but not shielded.

·   It is most widely used in telephone & computer networks because it is relatively cheaper & performs well in normal electrical environment (inside house or office).

Insulator

Twisted pair

   B) STP:-

·       It stands for shielded twisted pair.

·   It is cable containing several twisted pairs that has individual shields, an outer shield ,& an insulator.

·       It is more reliable than UTP.

·       It is a very complex cabling due to it is used in factory building.

Insulator

Outer Shield

Shield

Twisted Pair

   3.    Fiber Optic:-

·    It is a thin glass or plastic strand in the core which is surrounded by a cladding & a protective coat & is used to carry information in optical pulses .

·      In fiber optic, information is transmitted in optical pulses instead of electrical signals, fiber optic is not affected by EMI (electromagnetic interference) & RFI (radio frequency interference).

·  It has very large bandwidth which is limited only by the equipment that lights the fiber.

·       It is more expensive.

·       It has two types:-

-         Single-mode fiber

-         Multi-mode fiber

-          

A)    Single-mode fiber:-

·       In it, light travels in one path.

·       It can reach longer distance.

·       It is mostly used for MAN or WAN.

B)   Multimode fiber :-

·       In it, light travels in multiple paths.

·       It is suitable for implementing high speed LAN because of its reliability & wider bandwidth.

·       It is often used in backbone networks.

·       It used in video streaming, HDTV.