TCP/IP MODEL

TCP/IP MODEL

What isTcp/Ip model:-

·      It stands for Transmission control/Internet protocol model.

·      Most popular in the History of Networking.

·      Supported by Every computer Operating System.(Microsoft, unix, linux etc.)

·      TCP/IP is maintained in an open forum. Because it is open standard protocol through which all vendors support & follow them. after follow this model product of different -different model establish a networking between them then it is possible because these network use a TCP/IP model.

·      CCNA exams focus heavily on TCP/IP model.

·      It consist 4 layers.

·      TCP/IP model based on DOD (Department of defence)model.

·      It is a implementation model.

OSI Model

OSI Model :-

What is OSI model:-

·      It stands for Open System Interconnection.

·   International Standard Organisation establish a committee in 1977 to develop an architecture for computer connection.

·      It is a reference model.

·      In 1984 OSI was approved is an international standard for communication architecture.

·   The term OPEN denotes the ability to connect any two system which conforms to the reference model & associate standard.

·      It consist 7 layer.

·      Each layer has a different but specific processing function.

Network Protocol

Network Protocol

Network protocol :-

1. Proprietary

2.Open

Proprietary:-

·       Ownership by a single organization gives the owner the ability to place restrictions on the use of the protocol and to change the protocol unilaterally.

·        Specifications for proprietary protocols may or may not be published, and implementations are not freely distributed.

·        Proprietors may enforce restrictions through control of the intellectual property rights, for example through enforcement of patent rights, and by keeping the protocol specification a trade secret.

·        Some proprietary protocols strictly limit the right to create an implementation; others are widely implemented by entities that do not control the intellectual property but subject to restrictions the owner of the intellectual property may seek to impose.

Network topology

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Network topology :-

·      Design of network

·      The layout of connected devices

·      Topology is a network & virtual shape or structure.

Network Design

Network Design:-

1 - Client-server

2 - Peer to Peer

1.   Client-Server:-

·   Clients such as laptops and desktop computers contact the server and request to use data or share its other resources with it.so client works as a services requester & server works as a service provider.

·      A client-server network is a central computer, also known as a server, which hosts data and other forms of resources.

·       A client-server network is designed for end-users(laptop ,computer ,mobile), called clients, to access resources such as files, songs, video collections, or some other service from a central computer called a server.

Advantages of client-server network :-

• To using this setup is central management of the server. Only one server is used to host the resources that all the clients request and use. This is especially good for server administrators, because they only have to be in one place and can solve all the problems in one place, as well. Having to manually update several hundred servers would take much more time. One centrally managed server is the key to ease of management, and it is cost effective, too.
• using one physical server is that the configuration is simple to set up and takes less time to troubleshoot. For instance, if there were a site with multiple servers providing redundant services, and it was having issues, it could take an extreme amount of work to effectively troubleshoot why services are being hindered. In a single server role, all troubleshooting takes place at one physical server, so it takes much less time.