What are the cables & its types

What are the cables & its types

 Cables are used in networking:

  vWhat is the cable:- It is networking hardware used to connect     one network device to other network device.It is connect two or    more than two computer to share printer, scanner, speaker, etc. 

   ·  It is used for high speed data

   ·   It has a two types :-

-TIA/EIA 568 A

-TIA/EIA 568B

568A used for home network & 568B used for enterprise network.

Only the differences between in two cables are the color order pairs.

568A	568B
Green (white)	Orange (white)
Green	orange
Orange (white)	Green (white)
Blue	blue
Blue (white )	Blue( white)
Orange	green
Brown (white)	Brown( white)
Brown	brown

TYPES OF MEDIA

                        types of MeDIA  :-

types of MeDIA  :-

What is media:-

·       A network needs physical medium to connect its nodes together.it decides that is where the data actually flows.

·       There are three types of MEDIA:-

-Coaxial Media

-Twisted Pair Media

-Fiber Optic Media

     1.    Coaxial Media:- 

·       It contain a solid or stranded wire in the core that is insulated with a dielectric layer, then protected with a solid or braided metallic shield, & covered with an outer insulator.

·      Electromagnetic wave propagation in a coaxial cable is confined within the space between the core & the outer conductors.

·     It is used to small connectivity because it is less susceptible to interference noise.

Insulator

Metallic shield

Insulator

Wire

Networking Devices

Networking Devices.

                        Networking Devices:-

1.  Router:-

·      It is a device of layer 3(net     work layer)inOSI model.

·    It is a device which makes communication possible between two or more different network present in different geographical location.

·      It maintains the routing table.

· It is a specialized computer connected to more than one network.so it is also called a internetworking devices.

NOTE:-
ü internetworking device mean network of network.In simply a device connects a two or more than two networks are called a internetworking device

TCP/IP MODEL

TCP/IP MODEL

What isTcp/Ip model:-

·      It stands for Transmission control/Internet protocol model.

·      Most popular in the History of Networking.

·      Supported by Every computer Operating System.(Microsoft, unix, linux etc.)

·      TCP/IP is maintained in an open forum. Because it is open standard protocol through which all vendors support & follow them. after follow this model product of different -different model establish a networking between them then it is possible because these network use a TCP/IP model.

·      CCNA exams focus heavily on TCP/IP model.

·      It consist 4 layers.

·      TCP/IP model based on DOD (Department of defence)model.

·      It is a implementation model.

OSI Model

OSI Model :-

What is OSI model:-

·      It stands for Open System Interconnection.

·   International Standard Organisation establish a committee in 1977 to develop an architecture for computer connection.

·      It is a reference model.

·      In 1984 OSI was approved is an international standard for communication architecture.

·   The term OPEN denotes the ability to connect any two system which conforms to the reference model & associate standard.

·      It consist 7 layer.

·      Each layer has a different but specific processing function.

Network Protocol

Network Protocol

Network protocol :-

1. Proprietary

2.Open

Proprietary:-

·       Ownership by a single organization gives the owner the ability to place restrictions on the use of the protocol and to change the protocol unilaterally.

·        Specifications for proprietary protocols may or may not be published, and implementations are not freely distributed.

·        Proprietors may enforce restrictions through control of the intellectual property rights, for example through enforcement of patent rights, and by keeping the protocol specification a trade secret.

·        Some proprietary protocols strictly limit the right to create an implementation; others are widely implemented by entities that do not control the intellectual property but subject to restrictions the owner of the intellectual property may seek to impose.

Network topology

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Network topology :-

·      Design of network

·      The layout of connected devices

·      Topology is a network & virtual shape or structure.

Network Design

Network Design:-

1 - Client-server

2 - Peer to Peer

1.   Client-Server:-

·   Clients such as laptops and desktop computers contact the server and request to use data or share its other resources with it.so client works as a services requester & server works as a service provider.

·      A client-server network is a central computer, also known as a server, which hosts data and other forms of resources.

·       A client-server network is designed for end-users(laptop ,computer ,mobile), called clients, to access resources such as files, songs, video collections, or some other service from a central computer called a server.

Advantages of client-server network :-

• To using this setup is central management of the server. Only one server is used to host the resources that all the clients request and use. This is especially good for server administrators, because they only have to be in one place and can solve all the problems in one place, as well. Having to manually update several hundred servers would take much more time. One centrally managed server is the key to ease of management, and it is cost effective, too.
• using one physical server is that the configuration is simple to set up and takes less time to troubleshoot. For instance, if there were a site with multiple servers providing redundant services, and it was having issues, it could take an extreme amount of work to effectively troubleshoot why services are being hindered. In a single server role, all troubleshooting takes place at one physical server, so it takes much less time.

Types Of Network In CCNA

LAN:-

vLAN is a computer network covering a small physical area. like a home, office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport.

vIts share a common communication line or wireless link to a server.

vComputers & other mobile devices use a LAN connection to share resources. like as printer or network storage.

vGenerally LAN is a part of Data link layer. In a small office or a school its connecting device is SWITCH. 

WAN:-

v It is a computer network  that cover the Geographical Area. Like as a city, country etc.

v It is a combination of many network (like as a LAN,MAN,CAN,PAN)

v The example of WAN is INTERNET which are used anywhere, anyplace.

MAN:-

v MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.

v It might be operated by single organisation, but it usually will be used by many individuals & organisation.

v Its range is used within a 50 km , devices used are modem & cable.

"Definition Of Networking "

What is network:-

• v In simply network means Interconnection .

• v A network is A Collection of Points or Nodes Interconnected by Communication Paths.it may be Wired or Wireless.

Wirless And Wired Connection

• Often Simply Referred to as A Network is A Collection of Hardware Component & Computers Interconnected by Communication Channels Which are Allow Sharing of Resources & Information